P/S Codoped Bamboo-Based Hard Carbon Anode Material Achieves High-Performance Sodium Ion Storage

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Hard carbon is a key anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
• Current limitations include low capacity and poor rate performance.
• Heteroatom doping can enhance electrochemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an effective method for improving hard carbon anode performance.
• To investigate the synergistic effects of phosphorus and sulfur codoping.
• To create a high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

• Bamboo was used as a carbon source.
• Materials were prepared using acid and heat treatments.
• Phosphorus and sulfur codoping were employed.

Main Results:

• The PHC-@S-2% material exhibited a high specific capacity of 320.69 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C.
• Excellent rate performance was observed, maintaining 235.11 mAh g⁻¹ at 2C after 100 cycles (96.79% retention).
• The material demonstrated remarkable cycling stability with 3000 cycles.

Conclusions:

• Phosphorus-sulfur codoping significantly improves hard carbon anode performance.
• The developed method offers a simple route to high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes.
• This approach addresses key challenges in sodium-ion battery technology.