Large language model powered knowledge graph construction for mental health exploration

Mental health is a major global concern, yet findings remain fragmented across studies and databases, hindering integrative understanding and clinical translation. To address this gap, we present the Mental Disorders Knowledge Graph (MDKG)-a large-scale, contextualized knowledge graph built using large language models to unify evidence from biomedical literature and curated databases. MDKG comprises over 10 million relations, including nearly 1 million novel associations absent from existing resources. By structurally encoding contextual features such as conditionality, demographic factors, and co-occurring clinical attributes, the graph enables more nuanced interpretation and rapid expert validation, reducing evaluation time by up to 70%. Applied to predictive modeling in the UK Biobank, MDKG-enhanced representations yielded significant gains in predictive performance across multiple mental disorders. As a scalable and semantically enriched resource, MDKG offers a powerful foundation for accelerating psychiatric research and enabling interpretable, data-driven clinical insights.