Predictive modeling of ADME properties using M-polynomial based topological indices for biocompatible polysaccharides

Dextran and chitosan, two natural polysaccharides, are recognized for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural adaptability. Dextran, composed of glucose units with predominant α-(1→6) linkages, exhibits flexible conformations influenced by branching and molecular weight. Chitosan, derived from chitin via deacetylation, consists of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine units and displays semi-crystalline behavior sensitive to pH and ionic conditions. An in-depth understanding of these structural properties is essential for applications in drug delivery, biomedical engineering, and polymer-based therapeutics. In this study, M-polynomial indices were calculated for dextran and chitosan using the edge/connectivity partition technique. Their predictive utility was evaluated through statistical correlations with several ADME-related physico-chemical properties of polycyclic drugs. Multiple regression models-Support Vector Regression, Lasso, Ridge, ElasticNet, and Multiple Linear Regression-were applied to model these relationships. Performance assessment was conducted using cross-validation and external test metrics, including the coefficient of determination ([Formula: see text]), Pearson correlation coefficient (R), root mean squared error, and p-values. Findings indicate that M-polynomial indices can reliably predict key properties such as molecular weight, exact mass, molar refractivity, polarization, complexity, and others. Several models demonstrated excellent predictive strength (e.g., [Formula: see text]) with statistical significance ([Formula: see text]), confirmed through both cross-validation and external validation. A Python-based tool was also developed to automate the computation of M-polynomial indices, enhancing efficiency and reproducibility. The results support the biological relevance of topological descriptors in modeling drug behavior and underline their potential utility in computational drug design, especially for biocompatible polysaccharide-based delivery systems.