Green synthesis and characterization of bioactive silver nanoparticles from Stachys tibetica

Stachys tibetica, a significant medicinal plant was collected from Ladakh (India) and subjected to extraction. The extract was titrated with AgNO₃ at 50ºC to obtain silver nanoparticles with plant extract acts as a reducing and capping agent. The eco-friendly synthetic procedure utilizes the phytochemicals in Stachys tibetica, ensuring a sustainable and non-toxic approach to nanoparticle production. The characterization of the silver nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized to examine the surface morphology, revealing the irregular and rugged spherical shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. Stachys tibetica-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) act as a versatile and robust multifunctional material with proficient bioactivity and catalytic properties. The synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed effective antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against Bacillus Cereus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and S.Aureus. Additionally, the green nanoparticles degraded Rhodamine-B under sunlight irradiation within 1 h at a rate constant of 0.066 min^- 1.