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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Long noncoding RNAs regulating enzymatic reactions in cancer.

Chang Hoon Shin1, Kyungmin Kim2, Chul Woong Ho2

  • 1Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cancer progression by optimizing metabolic and protein modification enzymes. These critical regulators interact with proteins, influencing cancer cell growth and survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in biological processes.
  • Dysregulation of cellular metabolism and protein modifications is common in cancer.
  • lncRNAs play a role in modulating these dysregulated processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated regulation of enzymatic reactions.
  • To understand how lncRNAs optimize metabolic processes and protein modifications in cancer.
  • To provide insights into the role of lncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lncRNAs in cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions between lncRNAs and proteins.
  • Summary of research findings on lncRNA functions in cellular metabolism and protein modification.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs directly interact with specific proteins to modulate enzymatic activity.
  • These interactions optimize metabolic pathways crucial for cancer cell growth and survival.
  • lncRNAs are integral to the complex regulatory networks driving oncogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical regulators of cancer development and progression.
  • Targeting lncRNA-protein interactions offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions provides essential insights for future cancer treatments.