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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Development and Simulation-Based Validation of Biodegradable 3D-Printed Cog Threads for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair.

Ana Telma Silva¹, Nuno Miguel Ferreira^1,2, Henrique Leon Bastos²

¹LAETA, INEGI, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 14, 2025

Summary

Biodegradable poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) cog threads offer a promising, minimally invasive solution for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). These 3D-printed threads effectively reinforce vaginal tissue, reducing displacement and increasing strength in simulations.

Keywords:

biodegradable cog threads finite element analysis (FEA)pelvic organ prolapse (POP)vaginal wall reinforcement

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Medical Devices
Pelvic Health

Background:

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a widespread condition in women.
Current surgical treatments often involve synthetic meshes with limitations like recurrence and complications.
There is a need for effective, minimally invasive alternatives for vaginal wall reinforcement.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of biodegradable poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) cog threads as a novel treatment for POP.
To assess the biomechanical performance of PCL cog threads with varying barb angles fabricated using Melt Electrowriting.
To evaluate the efficacy of these threads in reinforcing vaginal tissue models through mechanical testing and simulations.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PCL cog threads with different barb angles (90°, 75°, 60°, 45°) using Melt Electrowriting.
Mechanical characterization via uniaxial tensile tests.
Biomechanical validation using finite element simulations and ball burst tests on tissue models.

Main Results:

Barb orientation showed minimal impact on the tensile performance of the PCL cog threads.
Simulations demonstrated significant reduction in anterior vaginal wall displacement under simulated cough pressure.
Reinforcement with cog threads increased reaction force by 13% in a ball burst simulation.

Conclusions:

3D-printed PCL cog threads exhibit significant biomechanical potential for treating pelvic organ prolapse.
These biodegradable threads represent a viable, minimally invasive alternative to current treatments.
Further in vivo validation is warranted to confirm the clinical efficacy of PCL cog threads for POP.