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Prolactin.

M O Thorner

    Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Elevated prolactin levels, often due to pituitary or hypothalamic issues, can cause hypogonadism in men and women. Dopamine agonist therapy effectively normalizes prolactin and restores gonadal function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroendocrinology

    Background:

    • Prolactin is a distinct anterior pituitary hormone with roles in lactation and gonadal function.
    • It also has a broader metabolic role and serves as an indicator of pituitary and hypothalamic diseases.
    • Hypothalamic control of prolactin is primarily inhibitory, with dopamine (DA) as the key prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of prolactin in human physiology and clinical endocrinology.
    • To discuss the causes and consequences of hyperprolactinemia, particularly hypogonadism.
    • To explore the therapeutic strategies for managing hyperprolactinemia.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on prolactin physiology and clinical significance.
    • Discussion of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the role of dopamine.

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  • Analysis of clinical presentations and treatment outcomes for hyperprolactinemia.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperprolactinemia, resulting from impaired hypothalamic inhibition, leads to hypogonadism in both sexes.
    • Symptoms include menstrual irregularities, anovulation, luteal phase defects in women, and impotence in men.
    • Galactorrhea occurs in approximately 30% of affected individuals.
    • Dopamine agonists, mimicking PIF, successfully normalize prolactin levels and restore gonadal function.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperprolactinemia is a significant endocrine disorder with diverse reproductive consequences.
    • Dopamine agonist therapy is an effective treatment for normalizing prolactin levels and reversing hypogonadism.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of prolactin-induced hypogonadism and challenges in achieving pregnancy.