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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health
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Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health

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Estimating Heart Rate from Inertial Sensors Embedded in Smart Eyewear: A Validation Study.

Sarah Solbiati1, Federica Mozzini1, Jean Sahler2

  • 1Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essilor Connected Glasses (SmartEW) accurately estimate heart rate (HR) during sedentary activities. Achieving 95% accuracy with a quality index of 70, SmartEW offers a reliable, unobtrusive HR monitoring solution.

Keywords:
heart rateinertial measurement unitphysiological monitoringquality indexsmart eyewearwearables

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring is crucial for health assessment.
  • Smart glasses offer a novel, unobtrusive method for physiological data collection.
  • Validation of HR estimation from smart glasses is needed for sedentary activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the accuracy of heart rate (HR) estimation using Essilor Connected Glasses (SmartEW).
  • To assess the performance of SmartEW against ECG and a commercial smartwatch during static tasks.
  • To determine the impact of the SmartEW quality index (QI) on HR estimation accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty participants performed six static tasks under controlled laboratory conditions.
  • HR was simultaneously measured using SmartEW, a Garmin Venu 3 smartwatch, and a Movesense Flash ECG device.
  • SmartEW utilized IMU sensor data and spectral analysis (22.5s windows) for HR estimation and generated a quality index (QI).

Main Results:

  • SmartEW demonstrated high agreement with ECG, with optimal performance at a QI threshold of 70.
  • At QI ≥ 70, correlation (r² up to 0.96) and accuracy within ±5 bpm (95%) were high.
  • A QI ≥ 70 reduced bias and narrowed limits of agreement compared to ECG, especially during standing tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Essilor Connected Glasses (SmartEW) provide promising heart rate (HR) accuracy during sedentary activities.
  • SmartEW shows high correlation and strong agreement with gold-standard ECG and commercial smartwatches.
  • SmartEW is suitable for HR monitoring in static conditions, contingent on ensuring data quality via the QI.