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Antenna Model with Pattern Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm for Satellite-Based SAR Mission.

Saray Sánchez-Sevilleja¹, Marcos García-Rodríguez¹, José Luis Masa-Campos²

¹INTA National Institute of Aerospace Technology, Ajalvir Road, km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain.

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|August 14, 2025

Summary

This study implements a phased-array antenna model for Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems (SAR) using MATLAB. The model optimizes antenna excitations for enhanced Earth observation data accuracy.

Keywords:

antenna model beams excitations genetic algorithm optimization phased arrays satellite-based SAR

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Area of Science:

Remote Sensing
Electromagnetics
Antenna Theory

Background:

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems are crucial for Earth observation and environmental monitoring.
Accurate SAR system calibration relies heavily on precise antenna models.
Antenna models characterize radiation patterns, gain, and overall system performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the implementation and validation of a phased-array antenna model for SAR systems (SARAS).
To develop an antenna model for the Spanish Earth observation missions PAZ and PRECURSOR-ECO.
To focus on the Antenna Excitation Generation (AEG) module for beam pattern generation.

Main Methods:

Development of a phased-array antenna model in MATLAB R2024a.
Implementation of two modules: Antenna Pattern Generation (APG) and Antenna Excitation Generation (AEG).
Optimization of beam patterns using a genetic algorithm (GA) to match calculated masks.

Main Results:

The AEG module generates complex excitations for required beams.
These excitations are tailored for different satellite operational beams.
The process is based on radiometrically defined parameters for optimized performance.

Conclusions:

The developed antenna model is suitable for SAR systems, particularly for Earth observation missions.
The AEG module effectively generates optimized complex excitations for various beam requirements.
This work contributes to improving the accuracy and reliability of SAR data calibration.