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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging
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A Two-Step Method for Impact Source Localization in Operational Water Pipelines Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing.

Haonan Wei1, Yi Liu1, Zejia Hao2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a two-step method using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and signal processing to accurately locate pipeline impacts despite water flow noise. The approach enhances pipeline safety assessments in real-world conditions.

Keywords:
arrival time pickingdistributed acoustic sensingpipeline monitoringsignal extractionsource location

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Signal Processing
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is promising for pipeline monitoring.
  • Unfixed internal cables are vulnerable to water flow noise, hindering impact localization.
  • Existing methods struggle with accurate impact detection in noisy environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust two-step method for accurate impact source localization in pipelines.
  • To overcome challenges posed by water flow noise and complex signal disturbances.
  • To improve the reliability of pipeline safety assessments using DAS.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptive impact signal extraction using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Short-Time Energy Entropy (STEE).
  • Accurate signal segmentation with the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm.
  • Unsupervised impact segment identification and arrival time picking via Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and clustering.

Main Results:

  • Successful validation on an operational water pipeline.
  • Consistent localization of manual impacts with standard deviations between 1.4 m and 2.0 m.
  • Demonstrated efficacy in realistic, noisy operational conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method effectively extracts and localizes impact signals in noisy pipeline environments.
  • This approach provides a reliable framework for enhancing pipeline safety and integrity.
  • It overcomes limitations of traditional methods in complex noise scenarios.