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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Binary Fission01:20

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Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Determination of S-Phase Duration Using 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine Incorporation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Determination of S-Phase Duration Using 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine Incorporation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Replication program of a single-chromosome budding yeast strain.

Jade Pellet1, Laurent Lacroix1, Bertrand Theulot1,2

  • 1Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 46 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France.

Nucleic Acids Research
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Budding yeast DNA replication is robust. Despite major changes in genome folding and loss of the Rabl conformation, the DNA replication program remained largely unchanged, showing resilience.

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Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast
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Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast
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Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear architecture and chromosome folding are hypothesized to impact genome replication.
  • In yeasts, the Rabl configuration spatially separates early (centromeres) and late (telomeres) replicating genomic regions.
  • This arrangement suggests centromere-telomere position influences DNA replication origin activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of nuclear architecture and chromosome folding on DNA replication.
  • To compare DNA replication in wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a strain engineered for altered genome folding (single chromosome).
  • To determine the impact of abrogating the Rabl conformation on replication timing and origin activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nanopore sequencing-based methods for DNA replication analysis.
  • Compared a wild-type 16-chromosome Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with a single-chromosome engineered counterpart.
  • Analyzed changes in origin activity, replication fork direction, and fork speed.

Main Results:

  • The DNA replication programs of both strains were nearly identical.
  • Minor changes observed included origin inactivation near deleted centromeres and altered origin efficiency/fork direction at chromosome fusions.
  • Replication fork speed was unaffected, except near deleted centromeres.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA replication program in budding yeast demonstrates remarkable resilience to significant alterations in chromosome folding.
  • Loss of the Rabl conformation does not substantially disrupt the overall DNA replication strategy.
  • Specific, localized changes in replication occur due to centromere proximity and chromosome fusions, but the global program remains stable.