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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Re-evaluating Theory of Mind evaluation in large language models.

Jennifer Hu^1,2, Felix Sosa^3,4, Tomer Ullman^3,4,5

¹Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|August 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers re-evaluated how large language models (LLMs) are tested for Theory of Mind (ToM). They suggest focusing on underlying computations, not just behavior, to clarify LLM

Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Artificial Intelligence
Linguistics

Background:

Significant scientific and public interest surrounds whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit Theory of Mind (ToM).

Keywords:

Theory of Mind cognitive science language models pragmatics

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Existing evidence on LLM ToM capabilities is mixed, with evaluations failing to reach a consensus.

The definition of ToM involves reasoning about others' mental states.