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From sex hormone decrease to hormonal treatment: impacts on cardiovascular risk with ageing.

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  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1297, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), University of Toulouse, Toulouse CHU, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31 400 Toulouse, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormone therapy

Keywords:
AgeingAndrogensCardiovascular diseaseEstrogensMenopauseSex hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Ageing is a primary cardiovascular risk factor, affecting both men and women.
  • Declining sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) with age negatively impact cardiovascular health.
  • Hormone replacement therapy's cardiovascular effects, especially with age, remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the role of sex hormones (estrogens and testosterone) in cardiovascular health and ageing.
  • To review clinical studies on hormone therapy for cardiovascular protection across different age groups.
  • To explore the mechanisms of sex hormone action and their relevance in gender-affirming care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and experimental models on sex hormones and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of hormone dosages, concentrations, and their physiological vs. pharmacological effects.
  • Examination of data from large trials like the Women's Health Initiative.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen therapy showed age-dependent effects, being protective in younger women but increasing risk in older women when combined with certain progestins.
  • The type of progestin and patient age are critical factors in hormone therapy's cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Cardiovascular effects of testosterone therapy in men require further clarification.

Conclusions:

  • Hormone therapy's cardiovascular impact is complex, influenced by hormone type, dosage, age, and formulation.
  • Understanding sex hormone actions is crucial for managing age-related cardiovascular risks and for gender-affirming hormone therapy.
  • Further research is needed to clarify testosterone's role in male cardiovascular health.