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Opioid Use Disorder Screening Practices in US Jails.

Amanda M Bunting1, Sami Sobh, Wen-Yu Lee

  • 1New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (AMB, SS, WYL, ML, DF).

Journal of Addiction Medicine
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Jails in high-overdose areas screen for opioid use disorder (OUD), but often use non-validated tools. Larger jails are more likely to use medical staff for screening and assessments.

Keywords:
jailopioid use disorderscreeningsubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminal Justice
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant public health crisis, particularly in communities with high overdose deaths.
  • Jails are critical points for identifying and intervening in OUD among incarcerated populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the screening practices for opioid use disorder (OUD) implemented by jails located in areas heavily impacted by opioid overdose deaths.
  • To identify associations between jail characteristics and OUD screening methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of structured interviews from 185 U.S. jails regarding OUD screening practices.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to detail screening characteristics; bivariate statistics examined associations with annual jail population.

Main Results:

  • Over 95% of jails in high-burden areas reported OUD screening protocols.
  • Most jails utilized substance use or OUD-specific screeners, but only 23.3% employed validated tools, with 89.0% relying on agency-specific instruments.
  • Larger jails were significantly more likely to use medical staff for screening (P<0.01) and clinical assessments (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Screening for OUD in jails is crucial due to the high prevalence of the disorder in this population.
  • A gap exists between research on validated screening tools and current jail practices, with a preference for non-validated, agency-created instruments.
  • Enhanced efforts are needed to bridge the research-practice gap and improve OUD screening in correctional facilities.