CPOne: Enhancing Prediction of Compound-Protein Interactions Through One-Shot Meta Learning

Predicting the interactions between compounds and their potential target proteins is crucial in drug discovery. Existing methods often assume that each compound has an adequate number of target proteins available for model training. However, in practice, the number of target proteins associated with compounds is often limited, making it difficult to gather a sufficient number of training examples. This results in learning bias in the model, leading to poor performance on these compounds. Moreover, this issue is evident in widely used datasets, such as GPCR and kinase, where 77.51% and 12.71% of compounds, respectively, have only one target protein available for model training. However, the issue has not been fully explored, presenting a challenge for model development. In this research, we propose CPOne, a framework designed to address the aforementioned issue. CPOne is a meta-learning based approach for compound-protein interaction prediction in one-shot scenario where each compound has only one target protein available for model training. By utilizing a meta compound learner, CPOne extracts the meta representation of compound from each task. Through fast gradient updates, this representation is quickly adapted to generate a compound-specific representation for the current task, thereby improving performance in one-shot scenario. Through comprehensive experiments, we empirically validate the superiority of CPOne, which demonstrates a promising performance improvement over established methods.