Reconsideration of the anatomical structure of the buccal fat pad

The buccal fat pad has gained attention because of its anatomical characteristics and functions; however, its morphology and relationship with surrounding tissues have been inconsistently described. This study aimed to reassess the anatomical morphology of the buccal fat pad.

Twelve human cadavers donated to Keio University School of Medicine were used during this study. A total of 24 dissections were performed, and the morphology of the buccal fat pad was analyzed using computed tomography. Arterial injection techniques were used to evaluate the vascular distribution and continuity.

The buccal fat pad was located within the masticatory space and categorized as the main body, temporal extension, and pterygoid extension. A computed tomography analysis revealed that the fat pad encircled the anterior margin of the masseter muscle and extended to the temporal region. Dissection showed that the buccal fat pad was divided by the parotid duct in most cases. The vascular supply was classified into the following three regions: deep temporal artery, buccal artery, and posterior superior alveolar artery.

The buccal fat pad is intricately associated with the muscles of mastication, facial nerve, and parotid duct. This study provides detailed anatomical insights that can contribute to safer surgical manipulation of the buccal fat pad.