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Perceived importance of tailored education to prevent second victim phenomenon in clinical pharmacy practice: a focus
Ivana Zimonjić1,2, Valentina Marinković3, Dragana Jocić4,5
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. ivana.zimonjic@pharmacy.bg.ac.rs.
Background:
The second victim phenomenon, referring to the impact of patient safety incidents on healthcare professionals, also affects pharmacists. Dispensing errors or inadequate counselling cause anxiety, reduced motivation, and staff turnover. Support programmes exist for healthcare professionals, but not specifically for pharmacists.
Aim:
To explore pharmacists' perceptions of tailored education to enhance competencies in overcoming second victim experiences, including (i) potential impacts, (ii) recommended content for professional development and undergraduate curricula, (iii) preferred design and delivery methods, and (iv) experience with existing programmes.
Method:
A qualitative focus group study using the experiences, opinions, and recommendations approach was conducted in Serbia. Data were collected through a semi-structured guide and a self-reported questionnaire on participation in existing programmes. Discussions continued until saturation. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the inductive thematic approach with MAXQDA software. Descriptive statistics summarised programme participation.
Results:
Participants perceived tailored education as necessary for improving error response, empowering individuals and the profession, and enhancing pharmaceutical care. Thematic analysis identified four themes: (i) impacts of tailored programmes, (ii) topics for professional development, (iii) topics for undergraduate curricula, and (iv) programme design and delivery. Key areas included soft skills, risk and stress management. Undergraduate education should strengthen communication, motivation, and career development. Preferred methods were workshops and blended learning. Of 25 participants, 20 (80%) attended support programmes; 20 (80%) reported improved competence, and 20 (80%) would recommend them to colleagues.
Conclusion:
Community pharmacists perceived tailored education addressing second victim experiences as important for professional resilience and improving pharmaceutical care.
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