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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

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Published on: September 21, 2017

Using simulation to develop protocols for bicycle crash-avoidance testing.

Luke E Riexinger¹, David G Kidd¹, Jessica S Jermakian¹

¹Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Ruckersville, Virginia.

Traffic Injury Prevention

|August 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems for bicyclists are crucial for safety. Simulation shows that sensor field of view is key for low-speed, similar-speed scenarios, while sensor range is vital for higher relative speeds.

Keywords:

Bicycle automatic emergency braking crash avoidance evaluation testing simulation

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Area of Science:

Road safety engineering
Automotive technology
Human factors in transportation

Background:

Bicyclist fatalities in the U.S. have increased significantly over the past decade.
Automakers are implementing bicycle-detecting automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems.
Current U.S. market evaluation protocols for these systems are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To understand AEB system characteristics for potential testing protocols using simulation.
To identify key parameters influencing AEB performance in cyclist-vehicle interactions.

Main Methods:

Simulated vehicle-bicycle interactions in a four-way intersection using openPASS.
Varied subject vehicle speeds (20-80 km/h) and bicycle speeds (5-20 km/h).
Tested various sensor fields of view (30-180 degrees) and ranges (10-60 m).

Main Results:

In straight crossing paths at similar speeds, sensor field of view was a key differentiator.
In both straight crossing and parallel paths, sensor range was critical for collision avoidance at higher relative speeds.

Conclusions:

A straight crossing path protocol with similar, low speeds could favor wider AEB fields of view.
Test speed significantly impacts the required sensor range for AEB systems.
Simulation is a viable tool for developing effective crash avoidance testing protocols.