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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

2.8K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
04:27

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Published on: May 9, 2025

158

Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears.

Ruochen Li1, Guangwei Wu1, Yang Yu1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

JBJS Reviews
|August 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delaminated rotator cuff tears (DRCTs) involve horizontal splits in the supraspinatus tendon. Dual-layer surgical repair offers better pain relief and functional recovery compared to en masse techniques for DRCTs.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Delaminated rotator cuff tears (DRCTs) are characterized by horizontal splits within the supraspinatus tendon.
  • Pathogenesis involves layered tendon architecture, shear stress, degeneration, and biomechanical strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnosis and management of DRCTs.
  • To compare surgical repair techniques for DRCTs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging modalities including MRI, MR arthrography, ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography.
  • Analysis of nonoperative and operative management strategies for DRCTs.
  • Comparison of en masse versus dual-layer surgical repair outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Shear wave elastography improves diagnostic accuracy for DRCTs.
  • Nonoperative treatment is suitable for acute partial-thickness DRCTs.
  • Dual-layer repair shows superior pain control and functional recovery over en masse repair, with comparable retear rates.

Conclusions:

  • DRCT diagnosis relies on advanced imaging.
  • Individualized treatment strategies are essential for DRCTs.
  • Dual-layer repair is a preferred surgical option for improved patient outcomes.