Advances in Sclerosants for Low-Flow Vascular Malformations

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Dermatology
• Pediatric Surgery

Background:

• Low-flow vascular malformations (LFVMs) are congenital anomalies affecting vascular and lymphatic development.
• Sclerotherapy is the preferred treatment for LFVMs due to its minimally invasive nature and effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review clinical applications, mechanisms, and outcomes of commonly used sclerosants for LFVMs.
• To provide an overview of advances in sclerotherapy agents for LFVMs.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of sclerotherapy for LFVMs was conducted.
• PubMed database was searched using relevant MeSH terms and keywords.
• The review encompasses chemotherapeutic, detergent, and other sclerosant agents.

Main Results:

• Bleomycin and polidocanol show high efficacy with favorable safety profiles.
• Ethanol is effective but carries risks; modified formulations improve safety.
• OK-432 and doxycycline are beneficial for lymphatic malformations, emphasizing individualized treatment.

Conclusions:

• Sclerotherapy for LFVMs requires a personalized approach considering LFVM type, location, and patient factors.
• Further clinical studies are needed to compare sclerosant efficacy and safety for specific LFVMs.