Emissions from unvented kerosene heaters
The Science of the Total Environment
|November 1, 1985
Summary
Unvented kerosene heaters emit polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Convective heaters produce fewer PAHs than radiant types, with no significant PAH content found in soot emissions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Combustion Science
- Indoor Air Quality
Background:
- Unvented combustion appliances can be sources of indoor air pollutants.
- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds with known health effects.
- Kerosene heaters are common heating devices in some regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify vapor-phase polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from unvented kerosene heaters.
- To compare PAH emissions between different types of kerosene heaters (convective vs. radiant).
- To assess the PAH content of particulate soot emissions and model potential indoor air concentrations.
Main Methods:
- Measurement of vapor-phase PAH emissions during kerosene heater operation.
- Analysis of particulate soot for PAH content.
- Development and application of a two-compartment model to simulate indoor air concentrations.
Main Results:
- Tri- and tetra-cyclic PAHs were detected during normal operation; higher-ring PAHs were not observed.
- Convective-type heaters exhibited significantly lower PAH emissions compared to radiant-type heaters.
- Particulate soot collected did not contain detectable levels of PAHs.
- Simulated indoor PAH levels were comparable to those found in urban ambient air.
Conclusions:
- Unvented kerosene heaters are a source of specific vapor-phase PAHs.
- Heater design (convective vs. radiant) significantly impacts PAH emission levels.
- Soot emissions from these heaters do not appear to be a significant source of PAHs.
- Modeled indoor PAH concentrations suggest potential for significant exposure in homes using these devices.
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