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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
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Bioinspired Lignin-Aluminosilicate Composite for CO2 Storage.

Jeong Woo Koo1, Jia Bin Yeo1, Jun Ho Jang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

ACS Omega
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel carbon-negative construction material using kaolinite clay and Kraft lignin. This sustainable method strengthens materials at low temperatures and enables carbon dioxide capture, paving the way for eco-friendly building solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • Cement production is a major source of CO2 emissions due to calcination and high temperatures.
  • Developing carbon-neutral construction materials is crucial for decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries.
  • Alternative methods avoiding calcium oxide chemistry and sintering are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new method for preparing sustainable construction materials.
  • To utilize nature-abundant resources like kaolinite clay and Kraft lignin.
  • To achieve carbon neutrality in the construction industry.

Main Methods:

  • Kaolinite clay was strengthened with Kraft lignin at 100 °C.
  • Electrostatic interactions between lignin and kaolinite were leveraged.
  • Kaolinite and smectite were used together for enhanced properties.
  • High-pressure CO2 treatment at room temperature was employed for carbon capture.

Main Results:

  • A lignin-aluminosilicate composite with compressive strengths up to 20 MPa was produced.
  • The composite demonstrated the ability to store up to 10 g of CO2 per 1 kg.
  • The method's scalability was proven through the fabrication of real-sized bricks and artworks.

Conclusions:

  • A low-temperature method for creating strong, carbon-storing construction materials from abundant resources has been established.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway towards a carbon-negative construction industry.
  • The developed material contributes to sustainable building practices and industrial decarbonization.