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Small-scale protocol for magnetic coagulation testing.

Hans Kristianto1,2, Wibawa Hendra Saputera3,4,5, Johnner P Sitompul3

  • 1Doctoral Program of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.

Methodsx
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new mini coagulation test uses 5 mL of wastewater, reducing reagent use and waste. This rapid method effectively screens magnetic coagulants, showing comparable results to the standard jar test.

Keywords:
CoagulationCongo redJar testMagnetic coagulant

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Coagulation is crucial for water and wastewater treatment.
  • Conventional jar tests are reagent-intensive and time-consuming.
  • There is a need for efficient and sustainable water treatment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a miniaturized coagulation test.
  • To assess the performance of a novel magnetic coagulant derived from Moringa oleifera seed extract and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
  • To compare the efficacy of the mini test with the conventional jar test.

Main Methods:

  • A miniaturized coagulation test using 5 mL of wastewater was developed.
  • A magnetic coagulant was synthesized using Moringa oleifera seed extract and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
  • Congo red dye was used as a model pollutant, and removal efficiency was measured.

Main Results:

  • The miniaturized method achieved a Congo red removal efficiency of 94.23 ± 0.611%.
  • The conventional jar test achieved a removal efficiency of 97.06 ± 0.746%.
  • Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), but the practical difference was minimal (~2.83%).

Conclusions:

  • The miniaturized coagulation test is a viable and efficient alternative to conventional methods.
  • This approach conserves reagents, reduces sample volume, and minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles.
  • The method enables rapid screening of coagulant performance, suitable for low-resource and high-throughput settings.