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Introducing and Exploring the Extremist Cybercrime Database (ECCD)
Thomas J Holt1, Steven M Chermak1, Joshua D Freilich2
1Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
Crime and Delinquency
|August 18, 2025
Summary
This study created the Extremist Cyber Crime Database (ECCD) to analyze over 20 years of cyberattacks against US targets. Findings offer insights into extremist cybercrime trends and policy implications.
Area of Science:
- Cybersecurity and Political Science
Background:
- Nation-state and non-nation-state actors increasingly use cyberattacks for ideological motives.
- Existing research has gaps in comprehensively cataloging and analyzing these cybercrimes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create a comprehensive database of ideologically motivated cyberattacks against US targets from 1998-2018.
- To inform policymakers by analyzing cybercrime trends, offender/target characteristics, and comparing cyber incidents to real-world violence.
Main Methods:
- Utilized open-source intelligence (OSINT) for data collection.
- Developed detailed codebooks for schemes, offenders, and targets.
- Assessed the quality and reliability of collected open-source information.
Main Results:
- Established the Extremist Cyber Crime Database (ECCD) with extensive data on cyberattacks.
- Identified key trends in ideologically motivated cyberattacks over two decades.
- Provided comparative analysis between cyber and real-world extremist violence.
Conclusions:
- The ECCD provides a valuable resource for understanding and combating extremist cyber threats.
- Findings highlight the need for updated policy frameworks to address evolving cybercrime tactics.
- The study underscores the intersection of cybercrime and ideological extremism.
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