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The Relationship Between Speech and Language Disorders and Working Memory: Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Typical Development.

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Cluttering and Working Memory in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder.

Saniye Tülin Fidan1, Merve Nur Sarıyer2

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Türkiye.

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), particularly the Inattentive and Combined types, show significant cluttering and working memory deficits compared to typically developing peers. Comprehensive speech and language assessments are recommended for ADHD diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Cluttering and working memory impairments are recognized challenges in ADHD populations.
  • Understanding these deficits across ADHD subtypes is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cluttering and working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD subtypes.
  • To compare these cognitive and speech-language functions with typically developing (TD) individuals.
  • To identify specific differences in working memory and cluttering characteristics among ADHD subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 200 participants with ADHD and 49 TD participants.
  • Utilized the Working Memory Scale and the Predictive Cluttering Inventory-revised (PCI-TR).
  • Employed Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for statistical analysis with P < .05 significance level.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in Working Memory, Visual Memory, and Verbal Memory scores were found between TD, ADHD-Inattentive, and ADHD-Combined groups (P < .001).
  • Significant variations in PCI-TR scores (motor speech, language planning, attention, motor planning, total) were observed across the three groups (P < .001).
  • All assessed variables showed statistically significant differences between the study groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cluttering is a notable characteristic in both ADHD Inattentive and ADHD-Combined subtypes.
  • Children diagnosed with ADHD exhibit significant working memory deficits.
  • Enhanced speech and language assessments are recommended for comprehensive ADHD evaluations.