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Stabilizing Open Photon Condensates by Ghost-Attractor Dynamics.

Aya Abouelela1, Michael Turaev1, Roman Kramer1

  • 1Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Nussallee 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 18, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photon Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in microcavities exhibit long-term stabilization due to a "ghost attractor" mechanism, offering an alternative to prethermalization for open quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Non-equilibrium dynamics

Background:

  • Open photon Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in dye-filled microcavities are complex systems.
  • Understanding their temporal dynamics requires accounting for both condensate amplitude and noncondensed fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the driven-dissipative dynamics of open photon BECs.
  • To elucidate the role of fluctuations and identify stabilization mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Cumulant expansion within the Lindblad formalism.
  • Simultaneous treatment of condensate amplitude and noncondensed fluctuations.
  • Analysis of fixed points to identify phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Fluctuations cause BEC dephasing over time.
  • A "ghost attractor" outside accessible space stabilizes the BEC for exponentially long times.
  • Photon BEC and lasing states are separated by a true phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • The ghost-attractor mechanism provides a novel route for nonequilibrium stabilization.
  • This mechanism is an alternative to prethermalization.
  • The findings may be applicable to other dynamical quantum platforms.