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Hands-free interaction system using eye tracking for people with physical disabilities.
Marcel Saputra1, Kayne Raphael Hadipoespito2, Denzel Polantika3
1Business Engineering Department, BINUS ASO School of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Disability and Rehabilitation. Assistive Technology
|August 18, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a hands-free eye-tracking system for individuals with physical disabilities, enhancing digital access and promoting inclusion. The system demonstrates high accuracy and user satisfaction, supporting health and reducing inequalities.
Area of Science:
- Assistive Technology
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Rehabilitation Engineering
Background:
- Physical disabilities often create barriers to digital access and inclusion.
- Assistive technologies are crucial for empowering individuals with disabilities.
- The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals emphasize health, well-being, and reduced inequalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present and evaluate a hands-free eye-tracking interaction system.
- To empower individuals with physical disabilities through inclusive digital access.
- To align with UN SDGs 3 and 10.
Main Methods:
- System performance evaluated via accuracy, data transmission speed, and frame rate stability.
- Eye gestures recorded from a single user for accuracy and responsiveness assessment.
- Usability feedback collected from 10 participants using questionnaires.
Main Results:
- High accuracy (90-95%) with tightly clustered gaze points.
- Efficient data transmission (0.0003s/data point) and high throughput.
- Stable frame rate (~30 fps) for smooth real-time performance and positive user feedback on ease of use, comfort, and responsiveness.
Conclusions:
- The eye-tracking system effectively integrates technical performance with user-centered design.
- It enables accessible communication and interaction, promoting digital inclusion.
- Reduces technological barriers for individuals with physical disabilities.
