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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells.

Ervin Ascic1, Gaia Fontanari1, Maria Thrasyvoulou1

  • 1Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming tumor cells into dendritic cells (cDC1-like cells) within the tumor microenvironment. This approach enhances anti-tumor immunity by boosting cytotoxic T cell responses against solid tumors.

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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are crucial for anti-cancer T cell responses.
  • Current methods for generating cDC1s for immunotherapy are limited by low yield, functional variability, and tumor microenvironment (TME) suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel in vivo reprogramming strategy to convert cancer cells into cDC1-like cells within the TME.
  • To establish a tractable protocol for generating immunogenic cDC1-like cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of the core cDC1 gene network (PU.1, IRF8, BATF3 - PIB) in cancer cells.
  • Subcutaneous implantation of a mixture of PIB-transduced and parental cancer cells.
  • Monitoring of cell surface markers (CD45, MHC class II) as readouts for reprogramming efficiency.

Main Results:

  • In vivo reprogramming in the YUMM1.7 melanoma model showed faster kinetics and higher efficiency than in vitro methods.
  • Reprogrammed cDC1-like cells induced rapid TME remodeling, immune cell infiltration, and tertiary lymphoid structure formation within 9 days.
  • Reprogrammed cells persisted in tumors for at least 9 days, demonstrating sustained immunogenic potential.

Conclusions:

  • The described in vivo cDC1 reprogramming protocol offers a robust method to convert "immune-cold" tumors into "immune-hot" tumors.
  • This approach provides a platform for studying cDC1-mediated anti-tumor immunity and exploring combination immunotherapies.