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CrustChain: Resolving the blockchain trilemma via decentralized storage and proof-of-capacity consensus
1Department of CSE, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Plos One
|August 18, 2025
Summary
CrustChain offers a novel blockchain solution addressing the trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization. It achieves high throughput and low latency for decentralized storage and consensus, significantly reducing costs and energy consumption.
Area of Science:
- Distributed Systems
- Blockchain Technology
- Cryptography
Background:
- The blockchain trilemma, balancing scalability, security, and decentralization, remains a significant challenge.
- Existing decentralized storage and consensus mechanisms face limitations in performance and cost-efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce CrustChain, a novel framework designed to overcome the blockchain trilemma.
- To enhance decentralized storage and consensus mechanisms through innovative technical solutions.
Main Methods:
- Implemented a reputation-weighted Proof-of-Capacity mechanism with temporal Sealed-Post (SPoSt) challenges.
- Utilized hybrid erasure-network coding for significant storage cost reduction.
- Employed MDP-optimized sharding for achieving sub-second cross-shard latency.
Main Results:
- CrustChain achieves 1,450 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-second latency.
- Demonstrated 99.99% data durability across 1,024 global nodes with low hardware requirements.
- Achieved 82% storage cost reduction and 63% lower storage costs than Filecoin, with high energy efficiency.
Conclusions:
- CrustChain effectively addresses the blockchain trilemma, offering a high-throughput, censorship-resistant solution.
- The framework sets a new benchmark for decentralized systems requiring robust storage and consensus.
- CrustChain demonstrates significant improvements in performance, cost, and energy efficiency compared to existing systems.
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