Injectable vaginal bio-adhesive gel activated by hard nano ceramic particles: in vitro and in vivo properties
Zeynep D Şahin-Inan1, Kerim E Öksüz2,3, Begüm Kurt4
1Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University.
Objective:
This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of vaginal gels (VGs) in healing lacerations resulting from vaginal trauma. The bioadhesive gel containing nanoparticles (n-HAp) represents a novel application in this field.
Methods:
VGs were synthesized using n-HAp and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-resolution FE-SEM images confirmed the presence of n-HAp, while XRD verified its structural properties. Four experimental groups were established: Control, Sham, VG, and VG/n-HAp. Tissue and blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, and 21.
Results:
Biochemical parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in serum samples. Histological evaluations included inflammation, granulation tissue formation, collagen and reticular fiber density, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization. The VG/n-HAp group exhibited significantly faster healing and more pronounced inflammatory responses over time compared to the other groups.
Conclusion:
Overall, the addition of n-HAp to VGs accelerated both biochemical and histopathological recovery in a rat vaginal wound healing model.
