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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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H3K4me3 amplifies transcription at intergenic active regulatory elements.

Haoming Yu1, Yongyan Zhang1, Zhicong Liao1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.

Genes & Development
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) amplifies RNA polymerase activity at intergenic regions. This histone modification is actively remodeled, revealing its crucial role in poorly understood genome areas.

Keywords:
chromatinenhancerepigenetics

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Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP in Mouse T-cell Lines
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes exhibit pervasive transcription across both genic and intergenic regions.
  • Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is a conserved mark at active promoters, enhancing RNA polymerase activity.
  • The function of H3K4me3 in intergenic regions remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of H3K4me3 at intergenic regulatory elements.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which H3K4me3 influences transcription in non-genic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized epigenetic editing to precisely deposit H3K4me3 at specific intergenic loci.
  • Analyzed the impact of targeted H3K4me3 deposition on RNA polymerase activity and chromatin remodeling.

Main Results:

  • H3K4me3 was found to amplify RNA polymerase activity at intergenic sites.
  • Evidence of active remodeling of H3K4me3 at these intergenic regions was observed.
  • These findings highlight a novel regulatory role for H3K4me3 beyond canonical promoter regions.

Conclusions:

  • H3K4me3 plays a significant role in regulating transcriptional activity within intergenic genomic regions.
  • The active remodeling of H3K4me3 suggests dynamic regulatory processes occurring in these previously enigmatic areas.
  • This study provides critical insights into the functional importance of H3K4me3 in mammalian genome regulation.