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Association of hyperglycemia in extremely preterm infants with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of corrected

Yohei Minamitani1, Kazusa Nakajima2, Fumihiko Namba2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. minamitani.y.417@gmail.com.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|August 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

High blood glucose levels in extremely preterm infants are linked to poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring glucose in very premature babies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Neurodevelopment
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestation) are vulnerable to metabolic disturbances.
  • Hyperglycemia is a common complication in this population.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes are critical indicators of long-term health in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between hyperglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
  • To determine if hyperglycemia independently affects cognitive development in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 102 surviving extremely preterm infants.
  • Hyperglycemia defined as blood glucose >15 mmol/L.
  • Neurodevelopmental assessment using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development at 18 months corrected age; normal defined as Developmental Quotient (DQ) ≥85.

Main Results:

  • 53% of infants experienced hyperglycemia.
  • The hyperglycemia group showed significantly lower DQ (81.0 vs. 91.1, P<0.01) and a reduced rate of normal DQ (37% vs. 75%, P<0.001).
  • Multiple logistic regression confirmed hyperglycemia as an independent predictor of lower normal DQ rates (P=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Hyperglycemia in extremely preterm infants is independently associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Blood glucose levels >15 mmol/L negatively impact the likelihood of achieving a normal Developmental Quotient.
  • Management of hyperglycemia may be crucial for improving neurodevelopmental trajectories in this high-risk group.
Abstract

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