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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
752
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
291
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

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Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

774
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
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Electron Spin Resonance at the Single-Molecule Scale.

Lisanne Sellies1, Jascha Repp2

  • 1IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon, 8803, Switzerland.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-molecule Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) detects individual molecular signals, overcoming limitations of traditional ensemble averaging. This technique opens new frontiers in quantum sensing and biomolecular studies.

Keywords:
NV centersOptically detected magnetic resonanceScanning probe microscopySingle‐molecule studies

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Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopic Techniques
  • Quantum Sensing
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) is crucial for studying unpaired electron spins.
  • Traditional ESR requires billions of spins, limiting analysis to ensemble averages.
  • Downscaling ESR to single molecules enables individual molecular analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce four distinct single-molecule ESR approaches.
  • To highlight their application in pioneering research.
  • To discuss the potential of single-molecule ESR in quantum sensing and biomolecular studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four developed single-molecule ESR techniques.
  • Focus on methods utilizing optically detected magnetic resonance.
  • Focus on methods utilizing scanning-probe microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct single-molecule ESR approaches have been established.
  • These methods allow for the study of individual molecular spin signatures.
  • Demonstration of applications in biomolecules and quantum sensing.

Conclusions:

  • Single-molecule ESR provides unprecedented resolution for molecular studies.
  • This technique expands research possibilities in quantum technologies and life sciences.
  • Further development of these approaches promises significant scientific advancements.