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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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    This study presents a new control protocol for nonlinear fractional-order multiagent systems (MASs) with uncertainties and disturbances. The novel adaptive scheme ensures system stability and achieves consensus for all agents.

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    Area of Science:

    • Control Theory
    • Systems Engineering
    • Applied Mathematics

    Background:

    • Multiagent systems (MASs) are crucial in distributed control.
    • Fractional-order systems (FOSs) exhibit complex dynamics due to memory effects.
    • Existing control methods struggle with asynchronous sampling and system uncertainties in FOSs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel asynchronous sampled-data distributed consensus control protocol.
    • To address system uncertainties and time-varying disturbances in nonlinear fractional-order MASs.
    • To ensure stability and achieve output consensus for all agents.

    Main Methods:

    • A new adaptive backstepping-based distributed sampled-data control scheme is designed.
    • The control scheme accounts for the hereditary and infinite-memory characteristics of FOSs.
    • Lyapunov stability analysis is employed to prove system stability and consensus.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed control strategy guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system.
    • All signals within the system are proven to remain bounded.
    • Each agent achieves output consensus with the time-varying reference trajectory.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed asynchronous sampled-data control protocol is effective for nonlinear fractional-order MASs.
    • The approach successfully handles system uncertainties and time-varying disturbances.
    • Simulation studies validate the theoretical findings and the practical applicability of the method.