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Related Concept Videos

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

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Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

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Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
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Flushing peripheral intravenous catheters: A scoping review.

Jiaxin Deng1, Orlaith Hernon1, Caitríona Duggan2

  • 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.

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Summary

Peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) flushing practices lack standardization, leading to varied techniques, volumes, and frequencies. More clinical research is needed to optimize PIVC maintenance and prevent complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Vascular Access
  • Infection Control

Background:

  • Peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs) are crucial for intravenous therapies but prone to complications like occlusion and infection.
  • Catheter flushing is a common maintenance practice to ensure patency and reduce risks.
  • Current flushing practices exhibit significant inconsistencies in technique, volume, and frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current evidence on peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) flushing practices.
  • To identify gaps and inconsistencies in PIVC flushing techniques and their impact on outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review following JBI methodology was conducted.
  • Searches included major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL) and grey literature.
  • Data were charted using the PAGER framework to analyze patterns, advances, gaps, evidence, and research recommendations.

Main Results:

  • 39 studies met inclusion criteria, revealing wide variability in flushing techniques (continuous, intermittent, pulsatile), volumes (5-10 mL), and frequencies (6-24 hours).
  • Pulsatile flushing showed potential in lab settings for patency and reduced colonization but lacked robust clinical validation.
  • Fluid dynamics suggest high flushing velocities may cause endothelial injury, highlighting the need for standardization.

Conclusions:

  • Existing research on PIVC flushing is inconsistent, lacking sufficient clinical trials and mechanistic data.
  • Further investigation is required to establish optimal flushing protocols for PIVC patency, endothelial integrity, and complication prevention.