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Electrically pumped surface-emitting amplified spontaneous emission from colloidal quantum dots.

Fengshou Tian¹, Tianhong Zhou¹, Xuanyu Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Light, Science & Applications

|August 19, 2025

Summary

Researchers achieved electrically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in colloidal quantum dots (QDs) using a novel quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED). This breakthrough enables efficient light emission for future QD laser diodes.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) show potential as gain media for solution-processable, tunable, and cost-effective laser diodes.
Achieving electrically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in QDs is crucial for lasing but hindered by low net optical gain and current injection.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate electrically pumped, surface-emitting ASE from QDs.
To overcome limitations in optical gain and current injection in QD devices.
To develop a quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) suitable for laser applications.

Main Methods:

Co-designed a quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) with optimized electro-thermal-optical properties.
Developed a top-emitting cavity using Ag/indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) electrodes to resonate QD emission and minimize losses.
Integrated the QLED on a silicon (Si) heat sink for efficient thermal management.
Utilized ns-pulsed current source for device operation.

Main Results:

Achieved surface-emitting ASE from QDs with a threshold of 10 μJ cm⁻² at 77 K.
Eliminated surface plasmon polariton losses and confined optical fields within QDs, enhancing gain by 2-fold.
Demonstrated stable operation at high current densities (up to 2000 A cm⁻²) due to effective heat dissipation.
Observed surface-emitting ASE with high directionality, intensity, and narrow bandwidth at 153 K and 94 A cm⁻².

Conclusions:

The developed QLED design enables efficient electrically pumped, surface-emitting ASE in colloidal quantum dots.
The device overcomes previous limitations in optical gain and current injection, paving the way for QD lasers.
This work represents a significant step towards realizing practical QD-based vertical cavity surface-emitting laser diodes.