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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

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Continuous-flow electron spin resonance microfluidics device with sub-nanoliter sample volume.

Oleg Zgadzai1, Nir Almog1, Yefim Varshavsky1

  • 1Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, 3200003, Israel.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open
|August 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microfluidic device enables continuous-flow electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on tiny liquid samples. This technology advances magnetic resonance for potential single-cell analysis, similar to flow cytometry.

Keywords:
ESRMicro resonatorsMicrofluidicsSingle cell measurements

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying paramagnetic species.
  • Traditional ESR methods often require larger sample volumes and longer acquisition times.
  • Microfluidic devices offer miniaturization and precise sample handling for spectroscopic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel continuous-flow microfluidic device for Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements.
  • To enable both continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed ESR experiments on sub-nanoliter liquid samples.
  • To assess the device's performance in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and applicability for future single-cell analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a planar surface microresonator (ParPar type) with a quartz microfluidic chip for ~9.4 GHz operation.
  • Utilizing a sample volume of approximately 0.06 nL confined within the resonator's microwave magnetic field hotspot.
  • Performing CW and pulsed ESR measurements on a 1 mM aqueous solution of deuterated Finland trityl (dFT) radical.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ~83 for CW ESR and ~47 for pulsed ESR.
  • Demonstrated spin sensitivities of ~1.04 × 10^9 spins/√Hz/G (CW) and ~7.8 × 10^8 spins/√Hz (pulsed).
  • Measured a Rabi frequency of ~50 MHz, indicating high microwave conversion efficiency (~56 G/√W).

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic ESR device offers high sensitivity and efficiency for sub-nanoliter samples.
  • This technology paves the way for ESR-based detection of individual, slowly flowing cells.
  • Future enhancements could enable practical single-cell level ESR measurements, akin to magnetic resonance flow cytometry.