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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
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Riboswitches01:56

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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General Transcription Factors01:30

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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High-throughput engineering of ligand-activated splicing ribozyme through domain insertion.

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Elucidating the design principles for engineering plant organ size.

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Elucidating design principles for Ribozyme-Enabled Tissue Specificity (RETS) to allow precise expression without

Max M Combest1, Josh Conlin1, Vivia Van De Mark2

  • 1Colorado State University Department of Biology.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed Ribozyme Enabled Tissue Specificity (RETS) to control transgene expression in plants without needing known promoters. This method uses ribozymes to achieve precise, tissue-specific gene expression for biosensors and crop engineering.

Keywords:
RibozymesTissue-specific expressionexpression biosensorplant developmentplant synthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Tissue-specific transgene expression is crucial for biological studies and organism engineering.
  • Identifying suitable promoters for precise expression is challenging, especially in plants due to long prototyping timelines.
  • Existing methods have limitations in studying native gene expression and engineering plant phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel strategy, Ribozyme Enabled Tissue Specificity (RETS), for achieving tissue-specific transgene expression in plants.
  • To enable precise control over transgene expression without relying on characterized promoters.
  • To demonstrate the utility of RETS for creating biosensors and engineering plant traits.

Main Methods:

  • Developed RETS, a strategy utilizing split self-splicing ribozymes (based on a group I intron from Tetrahymena thermophila).
  • Leveraged transcriptomic data to guide the design for conditional mRNA reconstitution.
  • Optimized design features for transgene flexibility, enhanced expression, and evasion of RNA interference.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful tissue-specific and dose-dependent transgene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana using RETS.
  • Showcased the creation of genetically encoded biosensors for studying spatiotemporal gene expression in planta.
  • Illustrated the engineering of tissue-specific changes in organ size, demonstrating phenotypic control.

Conclusions:

  • RETS offers a novel approach to study native gene expression patterns using non-destructive imaging, overcoming limitations of current techniques.
  • The spatiotemporal control of transgene expression via RETS enables precision engineering of plant phenotypes.
  • This technology facilitates crop enhancement without the drawbacks of constitutive expression, paving the way for improved agricultural applications.