Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Naturally Occurring <i>cis</i>-9-Docosenoic Acid from the <i>Hizikia fusiformis</i> Dietary Seaweed Inhibits Sphingomyelin Synthase.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Same author

Sphingomyelin synthase inhibitors from edible mushrooms prevent overweight and improve vitamin D homeostasis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Frontiers in nutrition·2025

Same author

Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1,8-Diarylnaphthalenes by Rh-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Evaluation of Their Chiroptical Properties.

Organic letters·2025

Same author

Screening of a Fraction with Higher Amyloid β Aggregation Inhibitory Activity from a Library Containing 210 Mushroom Extracts Using a Microliter-Scale High-Throughput Screening System with Quantum Dot Imaging.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

Testing the Simplified Molecular Dynamics Approach to Improve the Reproduction of ECD Spectra and Monitor Aggregation.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024

Same author

Determination of N-centered stereochemistry in N22-methylated chlorophyll-a derivatives and their epimer-dependent optical spectra.

Chirality·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Published on: July 17, 2012

Shortwave Infrared (SWIR)-Emitting Tamoxifen-Conjugated Cyanine Dyes for Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Cancer Imaging.

Aravind Kanda Swamy¹, Mahadeva M M Swamy^1,2, Kohei Yuyama³

¹Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters

|August 20, 2025

Summary

New imaging probes targeting estrogen receptors (ER) show promise for detecting ER-positive cancers. These probes utilize shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence for deeper tumor visualization, aiding surgical resection.

Keywords:

Cyanine dye Estrogen receptor Fluorescence imaging Shortwave-infrared Targeted cancer imaging

More Related Videos

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Published on: September 19, 2014

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

Published on: March 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Computed Tomography-guided Time-domain Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography in Small Animals for Localization of Cancer Biomarkers

Published on: July 17, 2012

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Published on: September 19, 2014

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

Visualization of Estrogen Receptors in Colons of Mice with TNBS-Induced Crohn's Disease using Immunofluorescence

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomedical Imaging
Organic Chemistry
Oncology

Background:

Fluorescence-guided surgery requires effective tumor-targeting agents for complete resection.
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging offers deeper tissue penetration than visible or near-infrared (NIR) imaging, reducing autofluorescence and scattering.
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers are a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel ER-targeting imaging probes for SWIR fluorescence imaging.
To evaluate the efficacy of these probes in visualizing ER-expressing cancer cells.
To assess the potential of these probes for guiding surgical tumor resection.

Main Methods:

Conjugation of tamoxifen (TAM), an ER-targeting ligand, with indocyanine green (ICG) to create ICG-TAM, ICG-C9-TAM, and ICG-C11-TAM.
Evaluation of absorption and emission properties of the synthesized probes.
Noninvasive SWIR fluorescence imaging in ER-expressing cervical and breast cancer cells.

Main Results:

ICG-TAM, ICG-C9-TAM, and ICG-C11-TAM were successfully synthesized.
ICG-TAM exhibits emission in both NIR and SWIR regions.
ICG-C9-TAM and ICG-C11-TAM demonstrated effectiveness in SWIR fluorescence imaging of ER-positive cancer cells.

Conclusions:

The developed TAM-ICG conjugates are effective SWIR imaging agents for ER-positive cancer cells.
Receptor-targeted ligands can be utilized for specific biomolecular imaging in ER-positive cancer models.
These probes hold potential for improving surgical outcomes in ER-positive cancers through enhanced visualization.