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Forces Acting on Chromosomes

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

High-resolution Imaging of Nuclear Dynamics in Live Cells under Uniaxial Tensile Strain

High-resolution Imaging of Nuclear Dynamics in Live Cells under Uniaxial Tensile Strain

Published on: June 2, 2019

Quantifying Nuclear Shape Fluctuations During Early Mitosis.

Viola Introini¹, Giancarlo Porcella², Gururaj Rao Kidiyoor³

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. viola.introini@embl.es.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|August 20, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a method to track nuclear shape changes and link them to chromatin condensation during cell division. This research offers insights into the mechanical forces governing nuclear envelope breakdown and cellular function.

Keywords:

Chromatin condensation Live-cell imaging Mitotic progression Nuclear envelope breakdown Nuclear mechanics Nuclear shape fluctuations Prophase

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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biophysics
Mechanobiology

Background:

Nuclear shape dynamics are critical for cell division (mitotic progression).
Understanding the biophysical properties of nuclear shape fluctuations can illuminate chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown.
Existing methods lack detailed approaches for correlating nuclear mechanics with chromatin dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a detailed methodology for monitoring nuclear shape fluctuations and their correlation with chromatin condensation.
To provide a framework for analyzing the mechanical forces driving chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope instabilities.
To offer a tool for exploring the mechanical coupling between chromatin and nuclear structure.

Main Methods:

Live-cell imaging for high-resolution temporal tracking of nuclear shape changes.
Computational analysis including segmentation and flickering spectroscopy.
Pharmacological perturbations to manipulate chromatin condensation and cytoskeletal structures in synchronized HeLa cells.
Extraction of biophysical parameters like nuclear effective tension and invaginations.

Main Results:

Developed a robust workflow for correlating nuclear deformations with chromatin dynamics.
Enabled quantitative analysis of nuclear shape fluctuations during the cell cycle.
Provided a method to investigate the mechanical coupling between chromatin condensation and nuclear structure.

Conclusions:

The presented methodology offers a powerful tool for studying nuclear mechanics and chromatin condensation.
This approach is applicable to various conditions and crucial for understanding nuclear function.
Insights gained are relevant for diseases characterized by nuclear abnormalities and disrupted cellular functions.