Paranasal sinus mucormycosis in an immunologically competent host

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Infectious Diseases
• Mycology

Background:

• Mucormycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection, typically affecting immunocompromised individuals.
• Paranasal sinus involvement is a common presentation, requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
• This report focuses on a unique case in an immunocompetent patient, challenging typical disease associations.

Observation:

• A case of paranasal sinus mucormycosis occurred in a patient with no evidence of diabetes mellitus or other immunologic abnormalities.
• Extensive medical evaluation confirmed the patient's immunocompetent status.
• High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were instrumental in visualizing the extent of the infection.

Findings:

• The patient received a combination therapy including excisional surgery and amphotericin B.
• This treatment regimen resulted in an excellent clinical response.
• High-resolution axial and coronal CT imaging proved valuable for treatment planning and response monitoring.

Implications:

• This case suggests that mucormycosis can occur in immunocompetent hosts, broadening the differential diagnosis for sinonasal infections.
• The successful outcome underscores the efficacy of aggressive surgical debridement combined with systemic antifungal therapy.
• Advanced imaging techniques like high-resolution CT are crucial for optimal management of sinonasal mucormycosis.