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Dynamic Microstructured Thermoresponsive Interfaces for Label-Free Cell Sorting Based on Nonspecific Interactions.

Ronaldo Badenhorst¹, Sergei V Makaev¹, Mikhail Parker¹

¹Nanostructured Materials Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 20, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel label-free cell sorting using thermoresponsive surfaces. These surfaces enable efficient cell separation by controlling adhesion and detachment, achieving high separation factors.

Keywords:

DPD simulations Monte Carlo simulations cell adhesion label-free cell sorting phase separation in thin films reconfigurable microstructured surface

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Developing efficient and label-free cell sorting techniques is crucial for various biological and medical applications.
Existing methods often require cell labeling, which can affect cell viability and function.
Thermoresponsive polymers offer tunable properties for dynamic surface interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize novel microstructured thermoresponsive surfaces for label-free cell sorting.
To investigate the mechanisms of cell adhesion and detachment on these surfaces.
To optimize the sorting efficiency by controlling surface properties and cell interactions.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microstructured thermoresponsive surfaces using poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM-co-GMA) via phase separation.
Experimental characterization of microstructure formation and temperature-induced swelling/shrinking.
Cell sorting experiments using various cell lines (RAW 264.7, NIH3T3/GFP, HaCaT).
Dissipative particle dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations to model cell-surface interactions.

Main Results:

Successful label-free cell sorting demonstrated using reconfigurable thermoresponsive microstructured surfaces.
Achieved high separation factors (>50) by tuning push-off forces relative to cell adhesive forces.
Identified optimal conditions for cell sorting, effective for weak to moderate cell adhesion.
Demonstrated adjustability of cell adhesion through phase separation conditions and incubation time.

Conclusions:

Microstructured thermoresponsive surfaces provide an effective platform for label-free cell sorting.
The sorting efficiency is highly dependent on the balance between surface-induced forces and cell adhesion.
This method offers a promising approach for cell separation in biological research and diagnostics.