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Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
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PANoptosis in infectious Diseases: Mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future directions

Ruifeng Zhang1, Zhonghe Wang1, Yang Shao1

  • 1School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|August 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis, a programmed cell death form, integrates pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis to fight infections and maintain immune balance. This review explores PANoptosis mechanisms and therapeutic potential for diseases, focusing on the PANoptosome complex.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • PANoptosis is an integrated programmed cell death pathway involving pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
  • The PANoptosome complex is central to orchestrating these cell death responses.
  • Dysregulated PANoptosis contributes to tissue injury and immune imbalance during infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on PANoptosis mechanisms.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting PANoptosis in infection-related diseases.
  • To identify future research directions for understanding and modulating PANoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on PANoptosis.
  • Analysis of the role of PANoptosis in various infectious diseases.
  • Assessment of therapeutic strategies targeting PANoptosis mediators.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis plays a critical role in host defense against viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
  • Excessive PANoptosis activation can lead to detrimental inflammatory damage and immune dysregulation.
  • Key mediators like ZBP1, RIPK3, and Caspase-8 are crucial for PANoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis is a vital mechanism for immune homeostasis and infection control.
  • Targeting PANoptosis offers therapeutic potential for managing infectious diseases.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate PANoptosome dynamics and develop targeted therapies.
Keywords:
Infectious diseasesInflammationPANoptosisPANoptosomeProgrammed cell death

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