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Theory-Based Mobile App Intervention to Promote Healthy Salt Intake Among Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Milena Sia Perin1, Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme Gallani2, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes Nilson3,4

  • 1Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, 126 Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil, 55 19-3521-8820.

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Summary

A mobile app effectively reduced salt intake in adults, showing promise for public health. The intervention improved intention, self-efficacy, and habit, demonstrating its potential for widespread use in promoting healthier diets.

Keywords:
clinical trialhabitsintentionmHealthmobile phonenursingself-efficacysodium, dietary

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Public Health Interventions
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Mobile health technology is increasingly vital in healthcare for prevention and treatment.
  • Promoting healthy salt consumption via mobile tech offers a cost-effective strategy to mitigate noncommunicable disease risk.
  • High salt intake is a significant global risk factor for noncommunicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the usability and efficacy of the "Sal na Medida" mobile app for promoting healthy salt intake in adults.
  • To assess if intention, self-efficacy, and habit mediate the intervention's impact on salt intake behavior.
  • To apply the Behavior Change Wheel framework in designing a mobile health intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, longitudinal experimental study design was employed.
  • Participants (n=86) were assessed at baseline, 1 month (post-intervention), and 2 months (follow-up).
  • Primary outcomes included salt intake behavior and per capita salt consumption; psychosocial variables (intention, self-efficacy, habit) were secondary outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The "Sal na Medida" app demonstrated good usability (77.8/100 points).
  • Significant reductions in salt intake were observed in the intervention group (IG) compared to the control group (CG).
  • Individuals in the IG were 63% more likely to have lower salt intake; habit and self-efficacy mediated this effect.

Conclusions:

  • The theory-based mobile app intervention is promising for reducing salt intake, showing good usability and efficacy.
  • Further research is recommended to explore large-scale implementation potential.
  • Mobile health interventions can be effective tools for public health strategies targeting dietary behaviors.