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A Systematic Review of Heat Health Warning Systems: Enhancing the Framework Towards Effective Health Outcomes
Sai Venkata Sarath Chandra N1, Jason Kai Wei Lee2,3,4
1School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. sarath.nagarjunakonda@griffithuni.edu.au.
Current Environmental Health Reports
|August 21, 2025
Summary
Heat Health Warning Systems (HHWS) are crucial for reducing heat-related illness and death. Enhancing HHWS requires integrating local climate data, personalized factors, and built environment details beyond simple temperature alerts.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Public Health
- Climate Science
Background:
- Heat Health Warning Systems (HHWS) are vital for mitigating heat-related morbidity and mortality.
- Current systems often rely on basic meteorological variables, primarily temperature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review scientific studies on HHWS.
- To identify factors for enhancing HHWS precision and effectiveness.
- To determine optimal heat stress thresholds using diverse data.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of scientific literature on HHWS.
- Categorization of findings based on meteorological variables, climate-epidemiology, personalization, and built environment factors.
- Analysis of heat stress threshold determination methods.
Main Results:
- Most HHWS primarily use temperature-mortality relationships.
- Future systems should integrate climate-epidemiology, including cause-specific mortality and morbidity.
- Improvements necessitate incorporating local, built environment, and personalized factors for better heat warnings.
Conclusions:
- Current HHWS can be significantly improved by incorporating humidity and heat stress indices.
- Digital technologies can enable more targeted, personalized HHWS.
- Local climate-epidemiological evidence, including morbidity and health outcomes, is key to enhancing HHWS effectiveness.
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