[Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis : when to think about it]

Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated disease affecting the pulmonary interstitium and airways, caused by the inhalation of antigens present in the workplace environment. A rigorous diagnostic approach is essential because, if unrecognized, this condition can progress to irreversible fibrosing disease. To confirm a diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, it is necessary to consider respiratory symptoms, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging and bronchoscopy. A detailed occupational exposure history is crucial to identifying the causative antigen. Treatment primarily involves avoiding exposure to the offending antigen. In more severe cases, immunosuppressive or antifibrotic therapy may be required.