Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

45.1K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
45.1K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

377
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
377
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

703
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
703
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.6K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.6K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

9.5K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
9.5K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

39.9K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comment to the letter on "instrumental assessment of movement series reflects scored improvement of patients with Parkinson's disease" by Ping Lin and Saiquing Ye.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Instrumental assessment of movement series reflects scored improvement of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

No New Relevant Treatment Options for L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia from a Clinician's Point of View.

Neurology international·2026
Same author

The dual gap ionization chamber: a novel ionization chamber design for reference dosimetry to automatically correct for recombination losses in emerging radiotherapy modalities.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

Most prominent challenges in translational neuroscience and strategic solutions to bridge the gaps: Perspectives from an editorial board interrogation.

Exploration of neuroscience·2025
Same author

Update on the Present and Future Pharmacologic Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.

Neurology and therapy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.2K

Olfaction function improves in a specialised unit for Parkinson's disease.

Thomas Müller1, Gabi Öhm2, Kathrin Eilert2

  • 1Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weißensee, Gartenstr 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany. th.mueller@alexianer.de.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

In-patient treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) improved motor and non-motor symptoms. Olfaction also enhanced, suggesting benefits beyond traditional symptom rating scales.

Keywords:
Motor behaviourNon motor symptomsOlfactionParkinson’s disease

More Related Videos

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
11:00

Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats

Published on: August 8, 2011

19.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.2K
A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
11:00

Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats

Published on: August 8, 2011

19.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • In-patient treatment is common for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in specialized units.
  • Efficacy reports often focus on rating scales for motor and non-motor symptoms.
  • Standardized olfactory evaluation is frequently omitted in PD hospitalization studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effects of in-patient therapeutic settings on motor and non-motor behavior in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
  • To assess olfactory function changes during in-patient treatment for PD.
  • To investigate the relationship between symptom improvement and olfactory function enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study design.
  • Standardized assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms at admission and discharge.
  • Standardized olfactory testing (smelling test) at admission and discharge.
  • Correlation analysis between symptom changes and olfactory function changes.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in both motor and non-motor symptoms during in-patient treatment.
  • The degree of motor and non-motor symptom amelioration was correlated.
  • Olfactory function, assessed via smelling tests, also improved significantly.
  • Olfactory enhancement was not directly related to the extent of motor or non-motor symptom improvement.

Conclusions:

  • In-patient treatment provides significant benefits for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, impacting both motor and non-motor symptoms.
  • Improved olfactory function during hospitalization may be linked to enhanced cognitive abilities and attention, potentially due to medication adjustments.
  • Olfaction assessment can offer additional insights into the comprehensive effects of in-patient PD treatment.