Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

311
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
311
Modeling and Similitude01:12

Modeling and Similitude

329
Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
329
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

308
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
308
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

440
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
440
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

51.4K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
51.4K
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

145
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
145

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of practice constraints on the emergence of movement variability and creativity in a boxing task.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

A Comparison of Experimental Methods to Induce Mental Fatigue.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same author

Classifying Soccer Players Based on Physical Capacities and Match-Specific Running Performance Using Machine Learning.

Journal of sports science & medicine·2025
Same author

Beyond Playing Positions: Categorizing Soccer Players Based on Match-Specific Running Performance Using Machine Learning.

Journal of sports science & medicine·2025
Same author

The Impact of Functional Movement Variability and Movement Creativity on Sport Climbing Performance.

European journal of sport science·2025
Same author

Enhancing affordance perception in pre-service physical education teachers: effects of content knowledge, motor experience and visual experience programs.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2025
Same journal

Associations between movement behaviors, sleep, and screen time exposure in middle childhood using multivariable modelling.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

The interaction of biomechanical demands and the speed-accuracy trade-off for the control of multi-directional, three-dimensional targeted reaching movements.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Think positive, perform better: The detrimental effect of technical motor imagery before action.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Shoulder-elbow coordination in the transverse plane during badminton forehand drive depending on training status using vector coding analysis.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Delayed reaction time and altered spatial activation of Fibularis longus in chronic ankle instability: A high-density surface electromyography study.

Human movement science·2026
Same journal

Observed teacher-child interaction quality as a predictor of motor competence in preschoolers: A sex-differentiated analysis.

Human movement science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software
08:47

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software

Published on: December 7, 2016

12.8K

Learning the front crawl by observation: Comparing self- and other-models.

Carola Minkels1, John van der Kamp2, Peter J Beek1

  • 1InnoSportLab de Tongelreep, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Human Movement Science
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Observational learning, including self-modeling, enhances children's motor skill acquisition, like swimming. These learning benefits appear direct, improving attention and information processing, rather than through motivation.

Keywords:
ChildrenObservational learningPeer-modelingSelf-modelingSelf-observationSkill learningSwimming

More Related Videos

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

25.6K
Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction
10:03

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction

Published on: October 25, 2012

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software
08:47

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software

Published on: December 7, 2016

12.8K
Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes
05:12

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

25.6K
Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction
10:03

Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction

Published on: October 25, 2012

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Motor Skill Acquisition
  • Observational Learning
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Observational learning is utilized in skill acquisition, with self-modeling showing promise for direct and indirect effects.
  • Prior research on self-modeling's effectiveness in children's motor skill learning has produced inconsistent results.
  • The direct (attentional/informational) versus indirect (motivational) effects of self-modeling remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare self-modeling, self-observation, peer-modeling, and a control on front crawl learning and motivation in children (5-9 years).
  • To differentiate the direct attentional/informational effects from indirect motivational effects of observational learning.
  • To investigate the impact of various observational learning methods on motor skill development.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-seven children aged 5-9 years were randomly assigned to four groups over eight weeks.
  • Intervention groups watched videos of self-modeling, self-observation, or peer-modeling before front crawl practice.
  • A control group watched a neutral video (Shrek).

Main Results:

  • All observational learning groups showed significant front crawl improvement compared to the control.
  • No significant differences in learning or motivational beliefs were observed between the observational learning interventions.
  • Mediation analyses indicated direct effects of observational learning on swimming performance, with no indirect motivational effects.

Conclusions:

  • Observational learning, irrespective of the model type, enhances front crawl learning in children.
  • Motivational beliefs were not significantly affected by any observational learning intervention.
  • The benefits of observational learning on motor skills are primarily direct, impacting attention and information processing.