GLP-1 analog therapy and hemoglobin levels: Insights from a retrospective study

To investigate the hematological impact of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, specifically changes in hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, pivotal in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, exhibit diverse physiological effects. While their impact on glycemic control is well-established, understanding their influence on hematological parameters remains an active area of investigation.

A cohort of 700 patients prescribed GLP-1 analogs between March 2021 and October 2022 was analyzed. Demographic data, baseline hemoglobin, ferritin levels, and subsequent measurements were collected. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, subgroup analyses, and multivariable logistic regression.

Following GLP-1 analog initiation, a statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin levels was observed (median decrease: 0.2 g/dL), with 59 patients (8.4%) developing anemia. Ferritin levels showed no significant change. Subgroup analyses by gender and medication type revealed no significant differences in hemoglobin changes. Baseline hemoglobin demonstrated a significant inverse association with anemia development (OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.21-0.44, p<0.01).

This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between GLP-1 analogs and hematological parameters. Clinicians should be aware of potential hematological effects, with baseline hemoglobin levels serving as a valuable predictor of anemia risk. Future prospective studies are warranted to deepen understanding and refine clinical strategies in the use of GLP-1 analogs.