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Related Concept Videos

Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

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Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals....
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Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

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Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

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Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
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Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
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Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

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A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Video Rhino-Laryngoscopes
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Video Rhino-Laryngoscopes

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Late to Extubate? Risk Factors and Associations for Delayed Extubation After Adult Cervical Deformity Corrective

Ankita Das1,2, Oluwatobi Onafowokan1,3, Jenny De Jong4

  • 1Department of Orthopedic and Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Spine
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Higher baseline frailty and greater radiographic correction in adult cervical deformity surgery are linked to delayed extubation. Minimizing intraoperative blood loss and correction degree may reduce this risk.

Keywords:
anesthesiacervicalcomplicationdeformityintubationquality of lifespine

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The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway
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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Delayed extubation (DE) after adult cervical deformity (ACD) surgery is underreported.
  • Proximity of surgical site to respiratory structures necessitates airway management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate relationships between patient factors, surgical parameters, and delayed extubation in ACD surgery.
  • To identify predictors of delayed extubation and its impact on perioperative outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 82 ACD patients.
  • Patients grouped into delayed extubation (DE) or successful extubation (non-DE) groups.
  • Regression analyses identified predictors and associations with complications.

Main Results:

  • DE associated with greater Edmonton frailty scores and smoking history.
  • Increased likelihood of DE with lower instrumented vertebra and greater spinal alignment correction (cSVA, MGS).
  • DE predicted worse 6-week VR-Physical Component Scores and was associated with higher SICU admission rates.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline frailty and larger radiographic correction are associated with delayed extubation in ACD surgery.
  • Minimizing intraoperative blood loss and degree of correction may reduce DE incidence.
  • Delayed extubation impacts perioperative quality of life.